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The Ladies' Auxiliaries (LA) of the International Union Mine Mill and Smelter Workers (IUMMSW) were women's organizations in the United States of America and Canada associated with local units of the IUMMSW. Women active in the Auxiliaries were the wives, daughters, sisters, and mothers of IUMMSW members. Women's organizations associated with trade unions in male-dominated industries have played a central role in labour struggles since the end of the 19th century.〔Sangster, J. (2000). Feminism and the Making of Canadian Working-Class History: Exploring the Past, Present and Future. Labour / Le Travail, 46 (Special Millennium Issue), 127-165.〕 The Ladies Auxiliaries of the IUMMSW helped to sustain and build the strength of the union. During labour strikes, these women fed thousands of striking miners on the picket lines and organized clothing drives for strikers' needy families. They initiated letter-writing campaigns to improve worker safety, participating in labour organizing, and collectivized around various social issues such as child care, racism, and health care. These activities were unpaid. The work of these women contributed to the development of IUMMSW as a viable and powerful force in labour movement of the early 20th century. Others Ladies Auxiliary groups in the early 20th century included those associated with: the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Engineers, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters’, Carpenters, Milk Drivers, Mail Carriers, and Motion Picture Operators and the International Association of Machinists (this Auxiliary had a membership of over 20K in 1920). == International Union of Mine Mill and Smelter Workers (IUMMSW) == Along with other left-led unions, IUMMSW upheld the post-war vision of progress through labour unity and its active pursuit of broader social goals.〔Finkel, A. (2008). Trade unions and the welfare state in Canada: 1945-1990. In (eds.) B. Palmer & J. Sangster (eds) Labouring Canada: Class, gender, and race in Canadian Working-Class History. Don Mills: Oxford Press. pp. 356-367.〕 It was successful in securing gains for its members at the bargaining table and animating its internal culture with their belief in the fairness and justice of an egalitarian society. Although an international union, IUMMSW had several very large Canadian locals in the 1950s in Ontario, British Columbia(BC), and Quebec. In the Sudbury local alone, IUMMSW organized close to 18,000 in the mines and smelters of International Nickel Company and Falconbridge. During the Cold War period, unions with left-leaning leaderships, such as IUMMMSW were isolated, raided, and ultimately defeated one by one, their leaders branded as subversives and enemy agents. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) infiltrated many of these unions and kept detailed surveillance files on their leading activists. Only in the early 1990s, 40 years after their covert surveillance did the RCMP admit publicly to these activities, including their reliance on informants in the IUMMSW’s Ladies Auxiliary.〔Steedman, M. (1993). The red petticoat brigade: Mine Mill Women’s Auxiliaires and the threat from within, 1940s-70s. In (eds). G. Kinsmen, D. Buse, & M. Steedman’s Whose National Security: Canadian State Surveillance and the Creation of Enemies〕 The union’s imperative was to contribute to the emancipation of the working-class, nominally men and women alike, although like many trade unions of the time, the membership of IUMMSW was exclusively male. Indeed, legislation in Ontario restricted women from all forms of mine employment other than clerical work well past mid-century.〔Forestell, N. (2003). The miner’s wife: Working-class femininity in a masculine context, 1920-1950. In (ed.) Gendered Pasts: Historical Essays in Femininity and Masculinity in Canada" edited by McPherson, Morgan & Forestall. Toronto : University of Toronto Press. pp. 139-157.〕 The physical demands and inherent dangers of mine work were linked inextricably with masculinity. To be a miner, a millworker, or a smelterman was to be a man. Apart from their involvement as waged smelter workers during the war years, eclipsed in the aftermath of war when men returned to reclaim their positions, women contributed to the struggle for better working conditions in the mines and smelters via the Ladies’ Auxiliary. Inspired not by wages, but by their dreams of a fair and just world, these women prepared meals during strikes, organized clothing drives for picketers, and augmented the finances of the male locals with the proceeds of their bake sales, while working to address large-scale social and economic problems such as “Teenage Problems”, “Health”, “Racial Problems” and “World Peace” (see One LA Local’s Program for Coming Year insert). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Ladies Auxiliary of the International Union of Mine Mill and Smelter Workers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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